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Physics Formulas - Electromagnetism
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Coulomb’s Law

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Permittivity of free space ε0

Electric Field

Electric Field of a point charge Q1

Superposition of electric fields from many point charges

Electric flux ΦE through a closed surface

Gauss’ Law

Uniform charge distributions for filaments, surfaces, and volumes

Acceleration of a charged particle of mass m and charge q in an electric field

Dipole moment p of an electric dipole

Torque on an electric dipole in an electric field

Work to move a test charge q from r1 to r2 in the electric field of a point charge Q

Potential energy of a test charge q in the presence of a point charge Q

Work to move a test charge q from P1 to P2 in an arbitrary electric field

Change in potential energy to move a test charge q from P1 to P2 in an arbitrary electric field

Electric potential difference

Electric potential at r of a point charge Q referenced from ∞

Electric potential at P of a system of N point charges

Potential energy of an arbitrary system of point charges Qi

Electric potential at a perpendicular distance a from an infinite, uniformly charged wire with a linear charge density λ

Electric field of a conducting surface with charge density σ

Electric current I

Ohm’s Law

Ohmic loss or Joule heating

Current density

Conductivity σ

Resistivity ρ

Ohm’s Law

Resistance of a wire of cross-sectional area A and length ℓ

Temperature dependence of resistivity for most conductors

Resistors in series

Resistors in parallel

Kirchhoff’s junction rule

Kirchhoff’s loop rule

Capacitance C

Capacitance C of a parallel plate capacitor of surface area A, plate separation d, and dielectric constant κ

Stored energy U in a capacitor

Capacitors in parallel

Capacitors in series

Dielectric constant κ

Energy density in an electric field

Magnetic force law

Biot-Savart law

Magnetic induction on the axis of a current I in a circular loop of radius a

Magnetic dipole moment of a current loop

Gauss’s Law for Magnetic Fields

Ampère’s Law

Magnetic induction from a current I in a long straight wire

Magnetic induction in a solenoid

Motion perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field B

Lorentz force law

Force on a current-carrying wire

Torque on a current loop in a magnetic field B

Faraday’s Law
(the – sign in the last two terms is the result of Lenz’s law)

Induced electromotive force

Electromotive force of a generator rotating at an angular speed ω

Torque of a simple electric motor

Electromotive force driving a simple electric motor

Displacement current Id

Ampère-Maxwell Law

RC Circuit (discharging)

RC Circuit (charging)

Self-Inductance L

Self-Inductance of a Solenoid

Energy stored in an Inductor

Energy density in a magnetic field

Energy density in an electromagnetic field

Mutual Inductance M

Relationship of electromotive force to the number of turns N in a transformer

LR Circuit (decaying)

LR Circuit (increasing)

LC Circuit

LRC Circuit

Alternating Current Circuits

Charge and current for a capacitor in an alternating current

Current in an inductor in an alternating current

rms potential in an alternating circuit

Average power in an alternating current circuit

Reactance of a capacitor

Reactance of an inductor

Impedance Z of an RC Circuit

Phase angle φ in an RC Circuit

Impedance Z of an LR Circuit

Phase angle φ in an LR Circuit

Impedance Z of an LRC Circuit

Phase angle φ in an LRC Circuit

Current I in RC, LR and LRC Circuits

Average power in RC, LR and LRC Circuits

Natural or resonance frequency of an LRC Circuit

Voltage amplification across the capacitor in an LRC circuit at the resonance frequency


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